Nota perubatan lengkap merangkumi definisi, tanda-tanda klinikal, diagnosis dan rawatan pelbagai keadaan kesihatan. Sesuai untuk pelajar perubatan, jururawat dan profesional kesihatan.
Bronchodilators & Nebulized Therapy Drug Indication Adult Dose Pediatric Dose Frequency / Administration Notes Salbutamol Asthma, COPD exacerbation 2.5–5 mg 2.5 mg (<5 yr), 5 mg (≥5 yr) Every 20 min × 3, then q2–4h First-line bronchodilator 4–10 puffs 4–10…
7 Ps of Rapid Sequence Intubation (RAI) Preparation & Plan.Preoxygenation.Pre-treatment.Paralysis and induction.Protection and positioning.Placement with proof.Post-intubation management. When oxygen saturation drops remember : 1. To diagnose cause using DOPESDislodged tubesObstructed tubingsPneumothoraxEquipment issuesStacking (dynamic hyperinflation) 2. To treat using DOTTSDisconnectOxygen –…
Hyponatremia, defined as a serum sodium concentration below 135 mEq/L, is the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in clinical practice. Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water in comparison to that of the…
Dengue fever remains a serious public health threat in Malaysia, particularly during the monsoon season. According to the latest Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the Management of Dengue Infection in Adults (Malaysia), updated strategies have been implemented to ensure more…
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs. It’s essentially an overreaction of the immune system to an infection, leading to widespread inflammation and potential organ failure. If left untreated, sepsis…
Learn how an ECG works, the types and symptoms of arrhythmias, and when defibrillation is needed in cardiac emergencies. A complete guide to heart rhythm care. Recognising different types of ECG changes is important during resuscitation. This chapter illustrates not…
The Advanced Life Support (ALS) course aims to coach vital resuscitation skills to medical personnel especially those working in acute and critical care areas.This course extends beyond the basic ABCs of resuscitation and intends to equip participants with the skills…
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is among the most serious acute complications of T2DM Principles of management Assessment Investigations Diagnostic criteria (All 3 criteria must be met) › Patients with high risk for DKA or severe DKA should be admitted to HDU…
Abdominal pain is a common symptom that can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions. It can originate from various organs within the abdomen or from related structures and requires careful evaluation to determine the cause. Approach To Acute…
Shortness of breath, medically known as dyspnea, is the uncomfortable sensation of having difficulty breathing or feeling unable to get enough air. It can be a symptom of a wide range of medical conditions, from mild to life-threatening. Definitions Dyspnoea…